ISSN 0964-5659
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Bringing People back to Life from the Past | Olaf Henny |
Experiments with Mice
by Russian Doctor Kostenko |
Parhatsathid Napatalung |
As Others See Us | Eddie Harriman |
Utopia as a Technology of the Future | Roger L. Bagula |
The Second International Conference on Longevity Now Available on DVD |
- |
Fly Longevity Experiments | Douglas Skrecky |
Welcome New Readers | John de Rivaz |
Excerpts from Yahoo Group: Horizon, Resveratrol |
Mike Price, John de Rivaz |
Volume 17 no 98. First published October 2004. ISSN 0964-5659.
by Olaf Henny < olafh@shaw.ca >
I have a fantasy to bring three men back to life, who were instrumental in creating the automobile...
Nicolaus August Otto who in 1876 invented an effective gas motor engine.
Karl Benz was the German mechanical engineer who designed and in 1885 built the world's first practical automobile (3 -wheeled) to be powered by an internal-combustion engine.
Gottlieb Daimler, who1886, took a stagecoach (made by Wilhelm Wimpff & Sohn) and adapted it to hold his engine, thereby designing the world's first four- wheeled automobile, powered by a V2 four stroke engine.
... and take them to a busy intersection in a large city. I am sure the would be in awe of the monster they have given birth to.
I would love to bring back to life Orville and Wilbur Wright and to repeat Wilbur's trip to Paris, but this time we would not send Orville to Virginia or sail by ship, but fly with both of them from JFK Airport in New York to Charles de Gaulle in Paris in a jumbo jet with 400 other passengers. I am sure, they would be fascinated.
But most of all I would love to bring my dad back, who died in 1962 in East Germany, where aside from antenna fed TV and nylon stockings the consumer oriented technology was essentially still pre WWII, and show him all the wonders of our modern technology, the "open sesame" of my garage door opener would have to appear like magic to him. During the last few weeks, as an exercise I have imagined him beside me during all the simple acts I perform daily and envisaged, how he would perceive the world around us. Simple things, the disposable plastic shopping bag, its lightness and strength; shoes, which do not push nails into your foot as the heals of the shoe wear down. Satellite TV, which lets us observe events on the opposite side of the globe, as they happen; an ATM machine which allows us to instantly withdraw money from an account on another continent; the microwave and remote sensing devises, which open doors for us as we approach; the car, that beeps obnoxiously, when I do not fasten my seatbelt and gets outright hysteric, when I open the door with the key in the ignition. The enormous amount of information on our fingertips and how little we learn from it would flabbergast him. Almost every step we take together offers something new and exiting to him. Our liberal attitude toward sex and our uptight code of political correctness, which puts 90% of all good jokes out of bounds would seem contradictory to him. He would find the sudden crumbling of the Soviet empire astounding and the drawing together of the 25 nations in the EU exhilarating.
It is incredible how fundamentally our world has changed in those 42 years and the above exercise gives us an indication, how much we will be "babes in the woods", when revived out of cryo- suspension. If you have a loved one, who died 3-5 decades ago, bring him/her back in your mind and observe, how s/he would perceive the modern world, as s/he "accompanies" you in your daily routine.
by Russian Doctor Kostenko
by Parhatsathid Napatalung < parhat@yahoo.com >
Dr. Kostenko has had surprising results that support Dr. Volkov's viewpoints. In discussing his experiments with one-year-old mice, Dr. Kostenko notes, "I was periodically making the acid washing of the mice ... in the medium enriched with CO2 (Carbon Dioxide, also known as Carbonic Acid). The condition of their eyes, hair has improved, improvement of the DNA condition in comparison with the control group, i.e., the quantity of defects accumulating with age have decreased. The gain of average life duration was 131 percent, and four mice are in good health for the fifth year, that corresponds to 220 human years approximately."
Dr. Kostenko also conducted the experiments on himself. He asserts that he has recovered from chronic illnesses, that he looks younger, and that he has improved his physical parameters. Dr. Volkov has a very simple explanation for Dr. Kostenko's surprising results. He believes that "the acidation of [a] living organism with CO2 promotes the carbonic acid production by an organism. Therefore, blood acidation by a carbon dioxide results in the filling up of the hydrogen deficiency of an organism - And in the prolongation of life!"
Additional support for Dr. Volkov's theory comes from the work of Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., who is the Medical Director at Tahoma Clinic in Kent, Washington. Dr. Wright says, "...when you get past 35, 40, 45, and start to develop indigestion, it's highly likely that the indigestion is due to a weaker stomach, not a stronger one, a stomach making less acid, less pepsin." He notes that since 1976 he has used "a commercially available, extremely precise, research-verified procedure" to literally check the stomach acid production of thousands of people, who had complaints of "heartburn" and indigestion. He found that the majority of people did indeed have under acidity in their stomachs.
What makes your body alkaline or acidic?
In my opinion, your body's pH is determined by two things:
1) What you put into your body (food, beverages, drugs, etc.) and
2) What you eliminate or withhold inside your body (removal or harboring of acidic waste).
I personally believe Dr. Volkov's claims, and am presently beginning research to verify the hypothesis that increased acid in the gut will help to restore and maintain the body's natural pH balance through a process called homeostasis. I am of the opinion that at birth the pH of our gut is generally around 1.0. As we get older, our gut pH may rise to 2.0 or more. This is an astronomical difference and at this higher level the stomach may have trouble breaking down the foods we consume.
I am working to prove that disease comes from the same root cause-an increase of the pH of the gut, which can cause a massive overload of undigested food to build up in the intestines, eventually turning into putrefied acid waste (toxins). The body would then have no choice but to store this acid waste in its own tissues and stored fat, thus creating a more friendly environment for disease.
I want to prove that the countless names attached to illnesses do not really matter. What does matter is that they all come from the same root cause- too much tissue acid waste in the body!
Of course it is also possibility to easily replicate Max Odens study by just watching improvement in rat's fur after 2-3 weeks through using brewer's yeast extracted from chloroform saturated water. We need not wait that long to see how it lives but to notice just health improvement in rats. There is a cell food DNA/RNA product given sublingually or transdermally after mixing with DMSO that we can easily test on my aging dogs.
Douglas Skrecky Comments:
I could not find anything on about this on Pubmed, though perhaps this not is surprising with Russian research. I would be quite sceptical about this, as large percentage increases (200%+) in lifespan have been obtained in short lived rodent strains in some studies, purely by inhibiting the disease which renders the rodent short lived in the first place. I've tried acids on flies, and citric acid has been a standard additive to fly food for quite some time, in my fly longevity experiments.
As Others See Us
Eddie Harriman
New Hope International Review - http ://www.nhi.clara.net/online.htm
NHI Review, 20 Werneth Avenue, Gee Cross, Hyde, Cheshire SK14 5NL
Longevity Report #97
This cryonics newsletter informs and updates its readers for information only, under the right to free speech. There are articles Libertarianism, Cryonics, Religion - Ideas That Don't Work - Millionaires Survival Instinct -- Extinct - and others.
To the enthusiast, supporters, purveyors of the aspirations for long life, this newsletter is a commendable enterprise. But to the layman it's fairly heavy going. Whether or not an individual would want his or her own body preserved from decay after death and then possibly brought back to life at some stage in the future is either a fascinating or horrific proposition depending if you are in favour of, or against, such instigation.
Anyway, who is to know if future rulers of the planet -- currently called Earth -- would allow resuscitation; or, if they do, to what purpose re-animated ancestors would be used? On the benevolent side, a future generation which could actually talk to a man or woman who had lived, say, 200 years ago would then be able to write 'history' as it is 'lived'. I'd like to talk poetry with Percy Shelley; chew the fat with Tom Paine. The list for anyone is endless. Would it be a planet without war? But what about the other side of the coin? A man or woman who is woken up would have no idea, literally, what is at stake. Would they be able to 'talk' as we understand it now and understand each other? Whatever you say might be treasonable, or you may be deemed as a worthless specimen: an unintelligent savage with nothing to contribute whatsoever to the present order of things, not even to science, medicine, history or social values, as we know them now, but not in the future, then. Would it be a planet of total, global warfare?
The Longevity Report certainly gets you thinking, and any interested reader or enthusiast for or against long life should get
hold of a copy.
by Roger L. Bagula < tftn@earthlink.net > © 2 Aug 2004
Suppose that a science of mathematical prediction of the future were to exist as Isaac Asimov predicted in his Foundation trilogy more than half a century ago (called psychohistory)? B. F. Skinner recognised in his book Walden II that such an understanding would lead to a technology: a design engineering of social systems. People like Jane Jacobs have become famous in recent years for programs of urban planning based on understanding of individual motivations and needs. The development of cities and road systems have been recently studies as being like colonies of coral by Michael Batty. Per Bak tells us that biological and physical systems share an likeness to sand piles in that they have universal principles of self-organization. We are on the verge of a true science in the terms of complexity and chaos of social and cultural history based on mathematical principles or laws. Just as Newton's laws of gravitation allowed men to calculate their charges and loads as a technology that led to the Napolonic accuracy where his gunner hit the nose of the Egyptian Sphinx, so a science which can predict the future behaviour of civilisations can also be used to defuse the forces that cause their fall.
Utopias are not a new concept: Plato started this line of thought with his Republic. Sir Thomas Moore gave us the name in his classic. Looking Backward by Bellamy and Huxley's Brave New World gave us more modern versions. Colonies of idealistic thinkers like those in Oneida gave us concepts like plural marriage and feminine equality. We see religious groups like the Hutterites as strange social 'cults' that are dreaded. One thing that the B. F. Skinner approach gave us was a modern scientific version of 1984 where 'freewill' is bent to the good of society. The concept of a 'soma' based social structure where a drug induced tranquillity made the society crime free seems repugnant to most of us in modern America.
A truly stable Utopian society would be free to advance scientifically and culturally on an unlimited scale ( as long as the science wasn't culturally destabilising). Since the great depression in the United States a federal banking committee has set interest rates. The interest rate has been seen to be the 'critical' loading factor in market collapses and it's control has avoided the worse fluctuations of the free enterprise financial system. It has been one of the first modern technologies of social control. It was this social variability that the Soviet Communist economists had attacked early in the last century as the major fault of free enterprise. Other have said that media 'mind control' of a consumer based economy was just as dangerous where TV send the herds to buy their brand products (people buy the name brand beer without tasting it?). What place do and educated and sophisticated people have in an externally controlled culture? Can we sacrifice our individual identity and freedom for the promise of stability, long life ( maybe unlimited lifetimes) and scientific advance? This kind of problem has to be faced by a society where measurement of psychological variables becomes more accurate each day. The creativity of much genius comes with a price of mood variation that has been sometimes fatal, but putting such people on tranquillisers also dulls them to a point where their great discoveries are gone.
Facing the music of an aging culture is hard for many intellectuals. In many cases they have become part of the institutions by 'buying in' A very good resent example is in the area of prehistoric anthropology in the Clovis first doctrine. It was theorised that the first people to north and South America came during the last ice age following herds of Mammoths from Siberia about 13,000 years ago. It became a part of texts and history books as much as 50 years ago. About 40 years ago evidence of earlier people came from carbon 14 measurements on fossils found in California. For those last 40 years until the evidence was just too overwhelming to ignore, that doctrine was 'enforced' by the professors in charge (papers weren't published, data was falsified, fossils were hidden in back rooms of museums, etc. ). The 'buying in' thing is a part of modern scholarship necessary for many to get their life credentials: it has nothing to do with fact or truth, but has very much to do with stable social structures. Current events where trusted leaders openly lie to the whole world as a pretext for killing large numbers of people show us that we are not living in an as honest or open a society as we have been led to believe.
Having a technology doesn't mean that we have to use it. In DNA research it has become possible to modify existing species by using the new technology. There is a genetically engineered tomato, a corn, a wheat and a rice. We could, for instance, evolve ourselves to some better genetic state. Suppose that we could add the gene for manufacturing vitamin C to the human genes? Should we use such technology or make the choice with the consequences of not using it? As you can see modern science has also brought what can only be called a new level of 'ethical' problems. because we can do it, does it mean we should? The idea of cultural/ civilisation engineering is very much like this: if we can create a Utopian society and maintain it's stability, should we? Or should we suffer 'dark ages' as stock market depressions were once suffered?
One of the major 'loading factors' in a culture is it's faith in it's leaders which is a clearly measurable variable. Election polls are very much trusted by our candidates in our American elections. I once read about a Greek who was approached on the street in an election time and told to vote against himself because he had some false fault that was being passed around. He did lose the election, too. Such 'popularity' has nothing to do with the actual virtues of the situation as the German rise of Hitler shows. People in a civilisation vote on it everyday by their actions. In a strong civilisation the people feel good about themselves and their leaders. In a stable Utopian society we would find ourselves with a Stalin like propaganda machine propping up men who might actually be monsters in real life? And with unlimited life spans the our technology promises in the near future, they might stay in power much longer as well. A tyranny of technology and science is no better than any other such tyranny, is it? Would it be an wiser or more virtuous? Can one say that a robot would logically make a better judge of rightness than a human jury? Science tends to divorce itself from human sensibilities: medical doctors cut up dead people to learn anatomy and are thought weak if they aren't hard about it. So a technology of a Utopian stabilised society where mathematical laws are used to judge how actions are carried out to 'eliminate' threats to that stability, might turn out in several thousand years to be a tyranny worse than in Hitler had won World War II! I don't say that 'freedom' is all important, but I think we must work to preserve the rights of the individual over that of a state bent on an artifici0al stability.
In contrast I think that the study of psychohistory of the Asimov kind is necessary. I think Utopia is a universal concept or ideal and that in such a 'real' Utopia as mankind may find, freedom of thought and expression will be encouraged as a cultural strength. Behaviourist models that rob the individual to pay the culture are in the end wrong and are a new sort of problem. A Walden where a minimal control of social and cultural variables allows freedom of choice is an individualistic society that can be made stable without taking away human rights.
The Second International Conference on Longevity
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Fly Longevity Experiments 129-152
Doug Skrecky <oberon@vcn.bc.ca>
This is the 129th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 20.8 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 130 days.
Here I retest French lentils. Although maximum lifespan was again increased, I'm still not convinced t this was not due to chance.
The most intriguing result this time was not something that would show up in the survival statistics. Flies fed New Roots brand of sterols & sterolins showed an unusual ability to continue flying at advanced ages. I'd been recording flying ability on a four point scale for quite some time, but had never mentioned this before since no note worthy results had showed up, before this run. At 90 days of age all sterol fed flies were still capable of flight, as defined by being able to remain aloft for the full width of the milk bottle (3 inches). By comparison none of control flies could fly at 83 days of age. Even at 99 days of age, some sterol fed flies could still take flight, which is an anomaly I have never before observed. Run #137 takes a second look at sterols, both by themselves, as well as in combination with some other supplements, to try to counter the negative effect sterols apparently have on early mortality.
Run
#129
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | |||||||||||
25 | 31 | 37 | 46 | 58 | 69 | 78 | 83 | 90 | 99 | 110 | 119 | |
control one | 84 | 80 | 68 | 48 | 36 | 28 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 0 | - | - |
control two | 83 | 78 | 78 | 44 | 39 | 26 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
coffee ½ tsp | 71 | 71 | 62 | 48 | 24 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - |
coffee 2 tsp | 100 | 87 | 80 | 67 | 60 | 33 | 27 | 20 | 13 | 13 | 0 | - |
lentils, French 5% | 78 | 70 | 65 | 57 | 30 | 17 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
lentils, French 20% | 60 | 60 | 47 | 27 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0 |
sterols 108 mg | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 47 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 26 | 16 | 0 | - |
sterols 432 mg | 65 | 65 | 65 | 60 | 50 | 40 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 15 | 0 | - |
tea leaf, green, decaf ½ tsp | 75 | 75 | 75 | 58 | 58 | 42 | 33 | 17 | 0 | - | - | - |
tea leaf, green, decaf 2 tsp | 67 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 33 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 0 | - | - | - |
tea leaf, Orange Pekoe ½ tsp | 100 | 100 | 90 | 90 | 70 | 60 | 40 | 30 | 10 | 10 | 0 | - |
tea leaf, Orange Pekoe 2 tsp | 100 | 67 | 58 | 50 | 25 | 25 | 17 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
This is the 130th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 20.2 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 137 days.
Lipoic acid by itself was something of a disappointment previously.
This time a rather more expensive R(+) isomer was tested. One is reminded of the saying "throwing good money after bad".
Aspirin had provided contradictory results in published experiments. This difference had been attributed to the confounding effect of pathogens in an experiment where positive effects were detected. Since I regard pathogens as being a major factor in fly mortality in my own "homebrew" experiments, there seemed to be a possibility of aspirin might be helpful.
The present results indicate that this may indeed be so, provided the dosage is low enough to avoid toxicity.
Run
#130
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | |||||||||||
6 | 12 | 18 | 27 | 39 | 50 | 59 | 64 | 71 | 80 | 91 | 100 | |
control one | 100 | 81 | 77 | 71 | 45 | 36 | 23 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 0 | - |
control two | 96 | 96 | 80 | 72 | 64 | 52 | 28 | 12 | 0 | - | - | - |
artichoke, cooked 5% | 98 | 81 | 81 | 68 | 56 | 34 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 0 | - | - |
artichoke, cooked 20% | 100 | 78 | 63 | 53 | 41 | 28 | 19 | 19 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
artichoke powder 405 mg | 100 | 90 | 81 | 66 | 66 | 54 | 29 | 15 | 10 | 2 | 0 | - |
artichoke powder 1620 mg | 97 | 91 | 81 | 63 | 56 | 38 | 31 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 6 | 0 |
aspirin 81 mg | 92 | 83 | 81 | 70 | 70 | 62 | 57 | 40 | 34 | 17 | 2 | 0 |
aspirin 325 mg | 77 | 50 | 8 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
BHA 88 mg | 98 | 88 | 79 | 50 | 38 | 19 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | - | - |
BHA 350 mg | 100 | 85 | 65 | 46 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
ibuprofen 50 mg | 100 | 94 | 81 | 75 | 66 | 56 | 28 | 25 | 19 | 6 | 3 | 0 |
ibuprofen 200 mg | 97 | 90 | 84 | 81 | 74 | 68 | 52 | 26 | 13 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
kiwi 5% | 96 | 83 | 79 | 75 | 67 | 58 | 38 | 38 | 33 | 17 | 0 | - |
kiwi 20% | 88 | 72 | 59 | 56 | 41 | 38 | 19 | 19 | 9 | 3 | 0 | - |
R(+) lipoic acid 50 mg | 96 | 91 | 82 | 82 | 77 | 64 | 46 | 27 | 18 | 5 | 0 | - |
R(+) lipoic acid 200 mg | 100 | 87 | 81 | 68 | 43 | 30 | 11 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - |
This is the 131st update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 20.1 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 138 days.
Tea leaves have generally been useful in the past. Here I take a look at the effect of different types of tea. Overall black tea, both regular and decaffeinated seemed best.
Run
#131
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | |||||||||
10 | 19 | 31 | 42 | 51 | 56 | 63 | 72 | 83 | 92 | |
control one | 85 | 58 | 39 | 30 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
control two | 88 | 50 | 47 | 34 | 19 | 16 | 6 | 3 | 0 | - |
Orange-Pekoe leaf ½ tsp | 83 | 65 | 57 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 26 | 17 | 13 | 0 |
Orange-Pekoe leaf 2 tsp | 91 | 82 | 73 | 73 | 55 | 55 | 0 | - | - | - |
black, decaf leaf ½ tsp | 91 | 81 | 57 | 33 | 24 | 19 | 19 | 10 | 0 | - |
black, decaf leaf 2 tsp | 94 | 77 | 77 | 65 | 41 | 41 | 24 | 18 | 0 | - |
green leaf ½ tsp | 91 | 58 | 55 | 49 | 24 | 24 | 15 | 6 | 0 | - |
green leaf 2 tsp | 81 | 63 | 56 | 47 | 38 | 34 | 22 | 3 | 0 | - |
oolong leaf ½ tsp | 88 | 76 | 70 | 52 | 30 | 21 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 0 |
oolong leaf 2 tsp | 89 | 58 | 42 | 42 | 31 | 12 | 12 | 4 | 0 | - |
pu-erh leaf ½ tsp | 86 | 51 | 23 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - |
pu-erh leaf 2 tsp | 83 | 48 | 26 | 22 | 13 | 13 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
This is the 132nd update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 20.5 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 134 days.
Here I retest blacks teas, and coffee. These can all inhibit iron availability, and possibly increase survival by limiting the growth of iron dependant bacteria on the medium, and in the gut. I also take a second look at peanut skin.
To no great surprise, both tea and coffee again offered some benefit, with decaffeinated coffee offering the best results over-all. The null results with resveratrol-rich peanut skin, are in agreement with my earlier null results with resveratrol itself. After starting this run I discovered an explanation for this lack of effect of resveratrol: ("A Drosophila Homoloque of Sir2 Modifies Position-Effect Variegation but does
not Affect Life Span" Genetics 162: 1675-1685 December 2002.) In short the powerful effect of resveratrol on (d)Sir2, can not be expected to affect lifespan, because (d)Sir2 itself does not affect fly lifespan. Since yeast lifespan is modulated by Sir2, then resveratrol does prolong yeast lifespan. The biochemistry of aging is different in different species.
Run
#132
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||
19 | 28 | 33 | 40 | 49 | 60 | 69 | 76 | 83 | 91 | 97 | 101 | 107 | |
control one | 86 | 71 | 62 | 38 | 19 | 24 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - |
control two | 80 | 60 | 56 | 56 | 36 | 8 | 8 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
black decaf tea 2 bags/L | 94 | 75 | 69 | 66 | 47 | 28 | 22 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 0 | - | - |
black decaf tea 4 bags/L | 82 | 67 | 67 | 56 | 48 | 26 | 11 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
+ peanut skin 2 tsp | 88 | 88 | 85 | 70 | 52 | 27 | 15 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
black decaf tea 10 bags/L | 85 | 75 | 70 | 55 | 40 | 25 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - |
+ peanut skin 4 tsp | 72 | 67 | 61 | 50 | 44 | 32 | 11 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
coffee 2 tsp | 87 | 80 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 47 | 40 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0 |
coffee 4 tsp | 79 | 71 | 71 | 64 | 43 | 43 | 7 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
coffee decaf 2 tsp | 94 | 94 | 78 | 72 | 56 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 11 | 6 | 0 | - | - |
coffee decaf 4 tsp | 95 | 86 | 76 | 76 | 67 | 52 | 52 | 38 | 19 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
peanut skin 1 tsp | 88 | 84 | 72 | 68 | 36 | 12 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
peanut skin 2 tsp | 75 | 67 | 67 | 42 | 42 | 33 | 17 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
peanut skin 4 tsp | 63 | 53 | 37 | 26 | 16 | 11 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
peanut skin raw 1 tsp | 58 | 47 | 47 | 37 | 26 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
peanut skin raw 2 tsp | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 39 | 33 | 17 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
This is the 133rd update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 20.7 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 131 days.
Here I take a look a various different methods of black tea preparation. In addition to adding the blended leaves directly to the fly food, I also created both normal hot, and as well as cold water extracts of tea leaves. Since the cold extracts were very dilute I continued the cold extractions over-night in a fridge. The hot extracts were merely stored as is in the fridge over-night. I also look at some different types of seaweed.
Although the tea leaves themselves improved day 70 survival, none of the leaf extracts offered any advantage at this time point. This contradicts my previous results. After looking through the published
literature one explanation suggested itself. The survival improving effect of black tea on drosophila has been ascribed to the presence of a "volatile" iron chelator. If this is the case, then it is possible that this may have evaporated during over-night storage of the tea extracts.
I'll have to take a second look at this variable in future.
Of the seaweeds, nori appeared to be modestly beneficial, while high dose wakame turned out to be unexpectedly toxic.
Run
#133
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||
20 | 27 | 36 | 47 | 56 | 63 | 70 | 78 | 84 | 88 | 94 | 100 | 105 | |
control one | 82 | 82 | 75 | 54 | 32 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - |
control two | 97 | 97 | 83 | 64 | 42 | 17 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
nori ½ tsp | 95 | 79 | 63 | 37 | 21 | 21 | 16 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
nori 2 tsp | 95 | 95 | 70 | 55 | 40 | 30 | 30 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - |
black tea leaves ½ tsp | 88 | 82 | 77 | 65 | 41 | 41 | 29 | 12 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
black tea leaves 2 tsp | 94 | 94 | 77 | 77 | 41 | 29 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - |
",hot extract 2 bags/L | 93 | 90 | 83 | 55 | 31 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
",hot extract 10 bags/L | 72 | 61 | 61 | 23 | 11 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
",cold extract 2 bags/L | 96 | 91 | 87 | 52 | 13 | 13 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
",cold extract 10 bags/L | 84 | 79 | 63 | 42 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
",cold, then heated 2 bags | 96 | 92 | 71 | 67 | 29 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - |
",cold, then heated 10 bags | 96 | 96 | 93 | 63 | 52 | 26 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
wakame ½ tsp | 75 | 75 | 70 | 40 | 25 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - |
wakame 2 tsp | 0! | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
This is the 134th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 21.1 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 127 days.
Several records were set in this run. The maximum control longevity of 113 days eclipses the previous record of 95 days set back in run #89. Marmite yeast extract at the 1/2 tsp dose also set an all-time record of 129 days, which beats the previous record of 124 days set by pomegranate syrup in run #87. Marmite is being retested in run #148.
I attribute both of these records partly to improved pathogen control in the breeding bottle used to supply the flies for this run. I had been "rotating" breeding bottles more often of late, and this change may be
reducing pathogen load.
For some time I had been thinking that the primary pathogen(s) killing most of my flies before they can get "old", were viruses. However many of the supplements I have been feeding to flies in these experiments had documented antiviral effects, yet failed to significantly increase survival. The benefit in the present experiment of both fructose and the probiotic lactobaccilus makes me think that it is bacteria, and not viruses or other pathogens that are the primary threat. Some previous tests of glucose, and sucrose also pointed in this direction.
For some time I have been adding 1/8 tsp citric acid to all bottles, despite previous tests indicating that higher doses were more beneficial. This has resulted in some false positive results, when an added supplement provided addition acid. I had been concerned that many phytochemicals would be less stable at acid pH, hence the conservative use of citric acid. However I have since learned that some plant phytochemicals are more, not less stable at acid pH.
In update #139 I will be reporting on further tests on sugars, and there are a number of other, later experiments in progress testing the effects of other interventions targeting bacteria. Ultimately, I hope to
eliminate most deaths due to infection, so that longevity is then largely determined by the rate of motor neuron degeneration. This is the main limiting factor in fly longevity found in high quality experiments
published in medical journals. If pathogen mortality were to be avoided in my own fly experiments, then these experiments too might become a straight forward series of battles against age-associated motor neuron degeneration.
Although the motor neuron is not a major factor in human mortality, central nervous system health does appear to be important. Fly supplements with significant neurotropic effects might reduce dementia risk in humans, and thereby possibly exert at least some salutary effects on maximum human lifespan.
Run #134 | Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||
supplement | 48 | 55 | 62 | 70 | 80 | 86 | 92 | 97 | 108 | 113 | 120 | 129 | 130 |
controlone | 25 | 17 | 8 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
control two | 42 | 17 | 17 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
box phorn 2% | 52 | 42 | 29 | 26 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
box phorn 10% | 46 | 35 | 35 | 27 | 19 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
brewer's yeast ½ tsp | 33 | 29 | 24 | 19 | 10 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
brewer's yeast 2 tsp | 25 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
engivita yeast ½ tsp | 38 | 29 | 24 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
engivita yeas 2 tsp | 30 | 26 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
fructose ½ tsp | 64 | 43 | 36 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
fructose 2 tsp 71 | 62 | 24 | 19 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
lactobacillus ½ billion | 44 | 28 | 24 | 12 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
lactobacillus 2 bil cells | 50 | 28 | 28 | 22 | 17 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
marmite yeast ext ½ tsp | 56 | 33 | 22 | 22 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0 |
marmite yeast ext 2 tsp | 17 | 6 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
This is the 135th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 20.9 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 129 days.
This run examines more types of cooked beans. The only notable item is that the control maximum longevity was 95 days, which ties with the 2nd highest previous control longevity, obtained in run #89.
Run
#135
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||||
10 | 17 | 26 | 37 | 46 | 53 | 60 | 68 | 78 | 84 | 90 | 95 | 106 | 111 | 118 | |
control one | 100 | 96 | 82 | 50 | 39 | 36 | 25 | 25 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
control two | 100 | 87 | 77 | 60 | 37 | 27 | 17 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
ancient ancestor 5% | 100 | 93 | 77 | 53 | 40 | 30 | 30 | 23 | 13 | 10 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
ancient ancestor 20% | 96 | 79 | 79 | 63 | 42 | 21 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - |
appalousa bean 5% | 96 | 85 | 78 | 52 | 30 | 26 | 22 | 11 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
appalousa bean 20% | 89 | 89 | 83 | 56 | 39 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 17 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
black eye bean 5% | 91 | 87 | 70 | 57 | 48 | 35 | 30 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
black eye bean 20% | 100 | 96 | 79 | 58 | 46 | 38 | 33 | 17 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - |
canolini bean 5% | 91 | 82 | 77 | 73 | 55 | 50 | 50 | 36 | 32 | 23 | 18 | 14 | 0 | - | - |
canolini bean 20% | 100 | 95 | 80 | 60 | 55 | 30 | 15 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
great northern 5% | 100 | 79 | 79 | 64 | 57 | 43 | 36 | 21 | 21 | 14 | 14 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0 |
great northern 20% | 100 | 94 | 88 | 88 | 71 | 59 | 41 | 35 | 12 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
yellow eye bean 5% | 88 | 82 | 71 | 59 | 41 | 29 | 24 | 24 | 18 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
yellow eye bean 20% | 94 | 82 | 82 | 53 | 35 | 24 | 24 | 18 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - |
This is the 136'th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 21.0 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 128 days.
Hard to believe how many different types of beans there are. There is nothing much of interest to report.
Run
#136
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||||
5 | 12 | 21 | 32 | 41 | 48 | 55 | 63 | 73 | 79 | 85 | 90 | 101 | 106 | 113 | |
control one | 100 | 85 | 80 | 75 | 60 | 55 | 40 | 15 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
control two | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96 | 96 | 91 | 65 | 44 | 26 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
dhana bean 5% | 100 | 94 | 94 | 82 | 76 | 67 | 61 | 42 | 18 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
dhana bean 20% | 100 | 97 | 95 | 92 | 81 | 73 | 62 | 38 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
fava bean 5% | 100 | 94 | 94 | 88 | 84 | 78 | 72 | 56 | 22 | 6 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
fava bean 20% | 100 | 100 | 95 | 81 | 76 | 71 | 48 | 43 | 24 | 10 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
pink bean 5% | 100 | 100 | 92 | 88 | 84 | 84 | 76 | 64 | 44 | 36 | 24 | 8 | 4 | 0 | - |
pink bean 20% | 100 | 100 | 91 | 87 | 83 | 70 | 44 | 22 | 13 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
Swedish brown 5% | 100 | 93 | 93 | 89 | 82 | 71 | 61 | 50 | 29 | 14 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - |
Swedish brown 20% | 100 | 87 | 87 | 83 | 83 | 78 | 65 | 44 | 13 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
toor bean 5% | 96 | 93 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 78 | 70 | 44 | 33 | 26 | 15 | 4 | 0 | - |
toor bean 20% | 100 | 96 | 96 | 89 | 89 | 82 | 75 | 50 | 29 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
urad bean 5% | 100 | 100 | 95 | 90 | 95 | 95 | 84 | 63 | 37 | 37 | 32 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
urad bean 20% | 100 | 96 | 96 | 82 | 82 | 77 | 59 | 41 | 23 | 23 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
This is the 137th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 20.9 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 129 days.
Of the lettuces types previously tested, only head lettuce seemed to be beneficial. Here I seek to rule out chance, in this result from run #111. Similarly I also look again at a sterol mixture, which appeared to prolong the ability of drosophila to fly in run #129, though there was also some increase in early mortality.
Head lettuce turned out to be a dud. Once again sterols appeared to increase early mortality. My workbook indicates that the fly food appeared to be quite wet in many of the sterol bottles. This may account for their increased mortality. I suspect the flies became dirty from the wet fly food, and suffered from infections. Adding carob or coffee may have helped prevent this. The hydrophobic nature of sterols may be inhibiting the ability of fly food to hold water. Experiments adding some extra sugar to the fly food to help prevent this are also in progress.
Run
#137
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||
10 | 21 | 30 | 37 | 44 | 52 | 62 | 68 | 74 | 79 | 90 | |
control one | 100 | 82 | 86 | 68 | 50 | 36 | 14 | 9 | 5 | 0 | - |
control two | 100 | 88 | 83 | 73 | 42 | 10 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - |
lettuce, head 33% | 97 | 88 | 88 | 66 | 38 | 13 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
sterols 54 mg | 97 | 70 | 62 | 54 | 30 | 19 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - |
sterols 108 mg | 100 | 84 | 63 | 44 | 25 | 6 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
+ carob 2 tsp | 95 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 81 | 48 | 10 | 5 | 0 | - | - |
+ coffee 2 tsp | 100 | 90 | 75 | 70 | 55 | 55 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 0 | - |
+ lettuce 33% | 91 | 65 | 57 | 39 | 13 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
sterols 216 mg | 100 | 67 | 30 | 30 | 15 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - |
sterols 432 mg | 72 | 61 | 39 | 33 | 28 | 11 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - |
sterols 864 mg | 83 | 57 | 44 | 35 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
This is the 138th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 22.1 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 116 days.
This run had one intriguing result. Although control flies had lost the ability to fly after the day 79 census, flies fed a high dose of purple sweet potato were able to continue flying during the day 91 census, and were still rather "frisky" at the day 100 census. It is tempting to surmise that it was a slowing down of motor neuron degeneration that was responsible for the increase in maximum survival from 91 to 110 days. It is extremely doubtful that any putative anti-pathogen effect could account for this, particularly since early mortality was actually increased by this (raw) sweet potato. Only replication studies, now in progress will be able to determine if this increased flying ability, at advanced ages is a real effect, or is simply due to chance.
If the reader wishes to sample purple sweet potato, this item can usually be found in any Chinatown, where it is often mislabeled as purple yam. No purple "yam" as such is available in North America.
Run
#138
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | |||||||||||||
28 | 36 | 46 | 52 | 58 | 63 | 74 | 79 | 86 | 91 | 100 | 105 | 110 | 115 | |
control one | 90 | 90 | 83 | 75 | 65 | 55 | 25 | 18 | 5 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
control two | 81 | 79 | 62 | 47 | 38 | 33 | 14 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
apple-pear 5% | 84 | 81 | 72 | 66 | 56 | 56 | 41 | 28 | 13 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
apple-pear 20% | 96 | 89 | 85 | 81 | 69 | 58 | 39 | 27 | 8 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
beet leaves 5% | 75 | 75 | 69 | 63 | 59 | 47 | 25 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
beet leaves 20% | 95 | 91 | 81 | 71 | 71 | 62 | 38 | 19 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - |
chayote 5% | 90 | 83 | 76 | 55 | 55 | 45 | 14 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
chayote 20% | 86 | 82 | 75 | 71 | 57 | 43 | 18 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - |
green lo bok 5% | 88 | 65 | 54 | 53 | 44 | 35 | 27 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
green lo bok 20% | 73 | 73 | 57 | 57 | 47 | 33 | 30 | 17 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
jacama 5% | 79 | 76 | 55 | 45 | 41 | 28 | 10 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
jacama 20% | 73 | 69 | 62 | 58 | 46 | 39 | 23 | 8 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
purple sweet potato 5% | 75 | 64 | 43 | 36 | 36 | 32 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
purple sweet potato 20% | 65 | 57 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 22 | 14 | 5 | 3 | 0 |
This is the 139th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 22.1 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 115 days.
This run compares the effects of various sugars. Sugars exert a mild antibacterial effect via increased osmotic stress. However increasing the sugar content, and not adding any additional water can also stress the flies, as well as bacteria.
At equivalent doses glucose outperformed both fructose, as well as sucrose, which itself is 50% fructose and 50% glucose. The result with 4 tsp fructose indicates that high doses might be optimal. However since addition of any supplements may also increase osmotic load, if sugars become a standard additive to the fly food, the dosage should be conservative so as to avoid possible dehydration problems. On the other hand, at low sugar levels osmotic effects may account for some of the benefit of some supplements.
I also checked sterols out again, with a little added sugar to help prevent sterol induced wetting of the fly food. Unfortunately the dosage of sugar was inadequate to prevent this wetting, and so once again sterols caused a reduction in survival.
Run
#139
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | |||||||||||||||
3 | 10 | 17 | 25 | 35 | 41 | 47 | 52 | 63 | 68 | 75 | 80 | 89 | 94 | 99 | 104 | |
control one | 98 | 95 | 81 | 72 | 47 | 37 | 30 | 19 | 9 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
control two | 100 | 87 | 73 | 67 | 57 | 43 | 37 | 33 | 10 | 10 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
fructose 1/4 tsp | 94 | 80 | 63 | 69 | 66 | 60 | 46 | 31 | 14 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
fructose ½ tsp | 100 | 79 | 79 | 67 | 67 | 58 | 63 | 42 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
fructose 1 tsp | 100 | 90 | 86 | 79 | 76 | 69 | 62 | 55 | 35 | 28 | 10 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - |
+sterols 432 mg | 97 | 82 | 62 | 50 | 24 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
fructose 2 tsp | 100 | 96 | 86 | 86 | 82 | 79 | 71 | 61 | 32 | 18 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
fructose 4 tsp | 100 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 80 | 80 | 77 | 77 | 73 | 63 | 33 | 30 | 10 | 0 | - | - |
glucose ½ tsp | 100 | 88 | 81 | 69 | 59 | 53 | 53 | 47 | 47 | 41 | 22 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
glucose 2 tsp | 100 | 96 | 85 | 82 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 63 | 63 | 56 | 41 | 26 | 7 | 7 | 0 |
sucrose ½ tsp | 100 | 91 | 64 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
sucrose 2 tsp | 100 | 100 | 95 | 90 | 85 | 90 | 80 | 70 | 50 | 35 | 15 | 15 | 0 | - | - | - |
This is the 140th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 22.1 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 115 days. My previous effort at testing ling zhi (or ganoderma lucidum) was with a supplement which in fact had only a small amount of ling zhi in it. Here I set the record straight, by testing Jilin brand powdered mushroom. Also with reports coming in that nicotine may exert an anti-dementia effect, I try feeding my flies a little tobacco.
Both ganoderma lucidum and tobacco turned out be duds. For some mysterious reason pollen allergy capsules from Chinatown had a mild beneficial effect on maximal lifespan.
Run
#140
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | |||||||||||||
11 | 19 | 29 | 35 | 41 | 46 | 57 | 62 | 69 | 74 | 82 | 87 | 92 | 97 | |
control one | 82 | 78 | 65 | 57 | 43 | 32 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | - |
control two | 84 | 72 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 50 | 31 | 28 | 22 | 13 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
buckwheat flour ½ tsp | 87 | 76 | 64 | 49 | 47 | 33 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | - | - |
buckwheat flour 2 tsp | 95 | 90 | 58 | 42 | 26 | 32 | 24 | 18 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
ganoderma lucidum 300 mg | 95 | 87 | 73 | 70 | 57 | 54 | 38 | 32 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
ganoderma lucidum 600 mg | 94 | 82 | 79 | 73 | 67 | 52 | 24 | 24 | 12 | 12 | 0 | - | - | - |
ganoderma lucidum 1200 mg | 90 | 79 | 62 | 62 | 52 | 45 | 24 | 21 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
ganoderma lucidum 2400 mg | 87 | 77 | 58 | 56 | 50 | 46 | 27 | 23 | 15 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - |
oyster sauce ½ tsp | 92 | 87 | 79 | 77 | 66 | 62 | 34 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - |
oyster sauce 2 tsp | 96 | 79 | 69 | 65 | 65 | 48 | 38 | 25 | 15 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - |
pollen allergy (1 cap) | 80 | 63 | 60 | 55 | 43 | 23 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 |
pollen allergy (4 caps) | 83 | 69 | 62 | 60 | 43 | 36 | 17 | 17 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
tobacco ½ tsp | 87 | 82 | 71 | 68 | 47 | 42 | 18 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - |
tobacco 2 tsp | 94 | 89 | 78 | 70 | 57 | 39 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - |
This is the 141st update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 22.9 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 106 days.
Here I retest some amino acids at higher doses than previously. Lysine can inhibit some glycation reactions, while tyrosine inhibits cellular senescence of human fibroblasts grown in Eagle medium. (Experimental Cell Research 1972, 566-568)
Bragging rights to last surviving fly this time went to a lysine bottle. However, since this is due to a single fly living for a long time, I am inclined to regard this as a fluke. Phenylalanine did appear to be slightly beneficial, but most of the others were toxic to some degree.
Possibly the most interesting results were with high dose tyrosine. (Unfortunately the low dose bottle was eventually destroyed by mould .) Control flies had lost the ability to fly by the day 70 census. Although tyrosine increased early mortality, flies did continue to "fly" till day 80. Although this could easily be a chance finding, it is still tempting to speculate that this might be due to a slowing of motor neuron degeneration.
Run
#141
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||||
6 | 16 | 22 | 28 | 33 | 44 | 49 | 56 | 61 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 96 | |
control one | 95 | 81 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 62 | 48 | 33 | 33 | 10 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
control two | 97 | 78 | 72 | 72 | 67 | 47 | 19 | 17 | 8 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
lysine 1 gm | 100 | 87 | 87 | 90 | 84 | 50 | 24 | 16 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
lysine 4 gm | 90 | 77 | 73 | 50 | 43 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
ornithine 1 gm | 100 | 77 | 73 | 73 | 70 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 13 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
ornithine 4 gm | 100 | 77 | 71 | 62 | 29 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
phenylalanine 1 gm | 100 | 96 | 87 | 91 | 91 | 65 | 52 | 35 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - |
phenylalanine 4 gm | 90 | 80 | 75 | 70 | 70 | 55 | 45 | 25 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 0 | - | - | - |
proline 1 gm | 96 | 74 | 74 | 70 | 70 | 44 | 22 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
proline 4 gm | 100 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 88 | 54 | 29 | 13 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
tyrosine 1 gm | 68 | 64 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 50 | 46 | 27 | 14 | 0 * | - | - | - | - | - |
tyrosine 4 gm | 67 | 60 | 60 | 57 | 50 | 47 | 43 | 27 | 23 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
* = mould
This is the 142nd update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 23.6 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 99 days.
Here I test a number of pills I picked up from a Chinese store, and compare them to additions of sugars. One pill called tonic-for-rejuvenation I selected just for the name.
The tonic did OK anyhow, as did the "cataract" tablets. However inexpensive common table sugar (sucrose) was effective as well. Once again sucrose out-pointed fructose. I hypothesize that the advantage of added sugars might be due to (osmotic) inhibition of bacteria.
Run
#142
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||
10 | 21 | 26 | 33 | 38 | 47 | 53 | 58 | 63 | 68 | 80 | 89 | 95 | |
control one | 100 | 97 | 90 | 82 | 59 | 23 | 21 | 21 | 13 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
control two | 91 | 83 | 83 | 74 | 65 | 22 | 17 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 0 | - | - |
cataract pill,1 tab | 100 | 89 | 78 | 50 | 39 | 20 | 15 | 13 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 0 | - |
cataract pill, 4 tab | 98 | 94 | 87 | 72 | 63 | 50 | 26 | 26 | 17 | 13 | 2 | 0 | - |
fructose 2 tsp | 98 | 91 | 84 | 73 | 60 | 33 | 24 | 18 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | - |
sucrose 1 tsp | 97 | 94 | 94 | 68 | 65 | 48 | 36 | 23 | 23 | 19 | 7 | 0 | - |
sucrose 2 tsp | 95 | 90 | 90 | 88 | 71 | 44 | 39 | 37 | 27 | 24 | 12 | 2 | 0 |
sucrose 3 tsp | 100 | 94 | 94 | 80 | 73 | 51 | 37 | 35 | 24 | 20 | 12 | 0 | - |
sugar, brown 2 tsp | 97 | 87 | 78 | 73 | 62 | 49 | 43 | 35 | 24 | 16 | 0 | - | - |
tienchi 1 tab | 100 | 94 | 85 | 59 | 39 | 28 | 13 | 9 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - |
tienchi 4 tab | 88 | 82 | 70 | 49 | 49 | 33 | 18 | 18 | 9 | 6 | 0 | - | - |
tonic-for-rejuvenation-1 | 100 | 92 | 92 | 64 | 64 | 41 | 23 | 21 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 0 |
tonic-for-rejuvenation-4 | 95 | 95 | 92 | 76 | 71 | 63 | 47 | 45 | 37 | 32 | 3 | 0 | - |
wu mei tea 0.3% | 89 | 86 | 82 | 61 | 36 | 36 | 21 | 7 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - |
wu mei tea 16.7% | 92 | 100 | 92 | 81 | 69 | 46 | 35 | 27 | 23 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
+ ling zhi 600mg | 87 | 80 | 77 | 64 | 56 | 41 | 36 | 21 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 0 | - |
This is the 143rd update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 24.1 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 93 days.
For some time, 1/8 tsp of citric has been a "standard" additive to 4-24 fly food, to help remedy a deficiency with respect to resistance to bacteria. Some previous testing had indicated that higher dosages of citric acid are more beneficial, and that sucrose additions are helpful as well. Here I seek to determine what the optimal amounts of citric acid and sucrose should be.
Just how poor 4-24 fly food could be, took me by surprise. Although this was an "older" batch of fly food I did not expect to see visible "rotting" of the food in the no-additive, and 1 tsp sucrose bottles. Fortunately neither the 2 tsp sucrose bottle, nor any of the bottles with added citric acid showed such visible rotting.
Although throughout most of the experiment the bottles with 1/2 tsp citric acid were significantly superior, there was a late onset of mould in these three bottles, which I believe destroyed the surviving flies. My workbook blamed a bad batch of fly food.
Naturally I would never consider using such a poor fly food, except for two factors. 4-24 "medium" is the ONLY commercially available fly food I have been able to import. My previous attempts to manufacture my own fly food failed when I was refused access to a mould inhibitor, due to the lack of certain letters after my name. For the foreseeable future I will remain stuck with 4-24 fly food, though I do plan on ordering it in smaller batches. (Run #157 is taking a look at citric acid again, while using a new batch of fly food.)
Finally I have to account for the anomalously poor result for the 1/8 tsp citric bottle. This one is my fault. I use bleach to help clean out old breeding bottles. My workbook listed that less care than usual was spent washing two of these bottles. The 1/8 tsp citric bottle likely accounts for one of these, while the second bottle appears to have been used in the next run. In future a more time consuming procedure will be followed in my bottle washing.
supplement Percent Survival on Day
Run
#143
11
16
23
28
37
43
48
53
58
70
79
85 none
100
97
87
62
35
27
19
11
3
3
0
- citric
1/8 tsp
100
97
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- citric ½
tsp
100
97
94
90
84
77
74
55
23
0 (mould ) sucrose
1 tsp
100
77
59
18
5
5
5
5
5
0
-
- + citric
1/8 tsp
100
95
95
79
47
42
21
16
11
5
0
- + citric
½ tsp
100
100
100
100
94
87
68
58
52
0 (mould ) sucrose
2 tsp
100
91
82
77
62
38
29
18
3
3
0
- + citric
1/8 tsp
92
88
72
72
60
64
52
40
28
12
4
0 + citric
½ tsp
100
100
97
97
94
88
78
66
41
13
0 (mould )
This is the 144th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 24.8 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 85 days.
In this run I take a look at some solutes which may have some antibacterial action, and compare them to table sugar. All underperformed sucrose, but maltitol came close.
Note: I attribute the poor early performance of low dose 1,3-propanediol, to possible contamination with traces of bleach. For a further discussion of a possible source of this contamination, please refer to Run #143.
Run
#144
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | |||||||||||
13 | 18 | 27 | 33 | 38 | 43 | 48 | 60 | 69 | 75 | 81 | 86 | |
control one | 86 | 79 | 57 | 36 | 18 | 14 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
control two | 86 | 80 | 69 | 40 | 34 | 23 | 14 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
maltitol ½ tsp | 97 | 92 | 81 | 69 | 58 | 44 | 36 | 19 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
maltitol 1 tsp | 86 | 86 | 72 | 62 | 48 | 41 | 28 | 17 | 10 | 3 | 0 | - |
maltitol 2 tsp | 100 | 100 | 90 | 74 | 63 | 58 | 42 | 37 | 0 | - | - | - |
maltitol 3 tsp | 96 | 96 | 85 | 78 | 44 | 30 | 30 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - |
PEG200 1/8 tsp | 100 | 86 | 68 | 50 | 32 | 18 | 14 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
PEG200 ½ tsp | 62 | 42 | 19 | 8 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1,3-propanediol 1/8 tsp | 50 | 32 | 29 | 21 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
1,3-propanediol ½ tsp | 85 | 82 | 67 | 52 | 39 | 33 | 21 | 9 | 0 | - | - | - |
sucrose 2 tsp | 97 | 97 | 97 | 93 | 77 | 67 | 50 | 23 | 17 | 7 | 3 | 0 |
triethylene glycol 1/8 tsp | 92 | 89 | 73 | 50 | 35 | 19 | 12 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
triethylene glycol ½ tsp | 91 | 78 | 44 | 26 | 22 | 9 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
This is the 145th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 25.2 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 81 days.
This run looks at some doses of amino acids that are higher than those tested before. Control longevity was excellent in this run. This might be due to the increase in citric acid from 1/8 tsp to 1/2 tsp in all bottles. Sucrose 1 tsp was added as well.
Although some amino acids were toxic when added in excess, at least leucine, and isoleucine appeared to be safe. Arginine looked good during the first month, though survival subsequently tailed off. This might be due to the surface wetness induced in the fly food by the added arginine. At young ages, flies walk mostly on the sides of the milk bottle. As they age they spend much more time walking on the fly food at the bottom of the bottles. The wetness of arginine laced food, may have made the aged flies dirty, and encouraged bacterial infections.
Run
#145
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||
7 | 12 | 21 | 26 | 31 | 36 | 41 | 53 | 62 | 68 | 74 | 79 | 84 | |
control one | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 97 | 85 | 55 | 15 | 6 | 3 | 0 | - |
control two | 100 | 100 | 100 | 98 | 98 | 96 | 93 | 64 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 4 | 0 |
alanine 2 tsp | 100 | 85 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
arginine 2 tsp | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 84 | 69 | 19 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
cysteine 2 tsp | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
glycine 2 tsp | 59 | 32 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
isoleucine 2 tsp | 100 | 100 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 93 | 89 | 57 | 43 | 18 | 4 | 0 | - |
leucine 2 tsp | 100 | 100 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 92 | 52 | 32 | 20 | 4 | 0 | - |
taurine 2 tsp | 97 | 90 | 71 | 55 | 55 | 53 | 42 | 8 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
threonine 2 tsp | 57 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
valine 2 tsp | 100 | 100 | 100 | 93 | 83 | 43 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
This is the 146th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 25.3 C during this run. Estimated
maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 80 days. In this run I take a look again at doses of citric acid higher
than the control 1/2 tsp, and also check out lactobacillus "probiotic"
bacteria (75% acidophilus & 25% bifidus).
Citric acid at 1 & 2 tsp doses appeared to help. Lactobacillus was also beneficial, but only at doses much larger than those that were immunostimulatory in mammalian species.
Run
#146
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | |||||||||||
25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 52 | 61 | 67 | 73 | 78 | 83 | 88 | 93 | |
control one | 100 | 100 | 94 | 91 | 71 | 35 | 35 | 12 | 6 | 0 | - | - |
control two | 100 | 100 | 100 | 98 | 70 | 28 | 18 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
alum 1/8 tsp | 91 | 82 | 71 | 61 | 36 | 11 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
alum ½ tsp | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
blackberry syrup ½ tsp | 100 | 100 | 97 | 97 | 71 | 40 | 32 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - |
blackberry 2 tsp | 95 | 95 | 95 | 92 | 78 | 41 | 24 | 11 | 8 | 0 | - | - |
citric acid 1 tsp | 100 | 100 | 100 | 95 | 81 | 61 | 51 | 12 | 0 | - | - | - |
citric acid 2 tsp | 100 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 85 | 50 | 33 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 0 | - |
citric acid 3 tsp | 100 | 94 | 94 | 88 | 65 | 29 | 21 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - |
lactobacillus4 bil cells | 100 | 95 | 88 | 81 | 62 | 33 | 26 | 10 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
lactobacillus 8 bil cells | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 77 | 43 | 33 | 17 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
lactobacillus 16 bil cells | 96 | 96 | 89 | 75 | 64 | 39 | 36 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 0 | - |
lactobacillus 32 bil cells | 92 | 92 | 84 | 84 | 60 | 48 | 36 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
This is the 147th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 25.7 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 75 days.
In this run simethicone turned out to be unexpectedly toxic.
Run
#147
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||
3 | 12 | 17 | 22 | 27 | 32 | 44 | 53 | 59 | 65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | |
control one | 97 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 97 | 93 | 60 | 17 | 17 | 10 | 7 | 0 | - |
control two | 97 | 97 | 92 | 89 | 87 | 84 | 65 | 46 | 24 | 11 | 0 | - | - |
cordyceps 600 mg | 100 | 100 | 95 | 90 | 80 | 70 | 45 | 15 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
cordyceps 2400 mg | 100 | 96 | 96 | 86 | 82 | 73 | 50 | 36 | 14 | 0 | - | - | - |
fluoride 1/4 mg | 96 | 96 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 89 | 65 | 31 | 19 | 8 | 4 | 0 | - |
fluoride 1 mg | 100 | 68 | 61 | 50 | 46 | 42 | 39 | 14 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - |
hyacinth bean 5% | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96 | 73 | 64 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
hyacinth bean 20% | 100 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 84 | 28 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - |
simethicone 80 mg | 96 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
simethicone 320 mg | 73 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
sucrose 4 tsp | 100 | 96 | 92 | 84 | 60 | 56 | 32 | 8 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - |
+ sterols 432 mg | 100 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 91 | 61 | 22 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
This is the 148th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 25.7 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 75 days.
In this run I retest marmite, and try a purple sweet potato product called Ube powder.
Despite offering an advantage earlier, this time marmite turned out to be a dud. However this time the marmite was from an open jar, so perhaps only fresh marmite is protective.
Unexpectedly Ube powder turned out to be inactive. Again, perhaps it is only fresh purple sweet potato that is protective.
Run
#148
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||
7 | 12 | 17 | 22 | 27 | 39 | 48 | 54 | 60 | 65 | 70 | |
control one | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 78 | 38 | 34 | 19 | 13 | 0 |
control two | 100 | 96 | 96 | 93 | 89 | 56 | 22 | 19 | 11 | 0 | - |
marmite 1/4 tsp | 100 | 100 | 100 | 84 | 77 | 61 | 36 | 16 | 7 | 0 | - |
marmite 1/4 tsp | 100 | 97 | 97 | 90 | 77 | 40 | 13 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
Ube powder 1/4 tsp | 97 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 84 | 69 | 47 | 22 | 6 | 0 | - |
Ube powder ½ tsp | 100 | 100 | 100 | 94 | 91 | 72 | 31 | 13 | 6 | 0 | - |
Ube powder 1 tsp | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 73 | 39 | 15 | 4 | 0 | - |
Ube powder 2 tsp | 100 | 97 | 97 | 88 | 88 | 69 | 38 | 28 | 16 | 3 | 0 |
red sweet potato 5% | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 91 | 82 | 52 | 39 | 18 | 3 | 0 |
red sweet potato 20% | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96 | 92 | 52 | 24 | 16 | 8 | 0 | - |
This is the 149th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 25.9 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 73 days. Here I test another coconut product, recheck Ube (frozen this time), and tyrosine. No advantage was seen this time with either coconut, or Ube. It is possible that it is only uncooked Ube is protective. Tyrosine turned out to be toxic once again.
Run
#149
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||
1 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 28 | 37 | 43 | 49 | 54 | 59 | 64 | |
control one | 100 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 72 | 11 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - |
control two | 100 | 100 | 96 | 96 | 89 | 69 | 54 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
coconut gel 5% | 100 | 100 | 86 | 81 | 67 | 14 | 10 | 0 | - | - | - |
coconut gel 20% | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 72 | 50 | 28 | 6 | 0 | - | - |
frozen purple 20% | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 82 | 35 | 18 | 0 | - | - | - |
-(sweet potato) 20% | 100 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 67 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
+ tyrosine 4 gm | 47 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 32 | 21 | 16 | 0 | - | - | - |
tyrosine ½ tsp | 42 | 29 | 29 | 21 | 13 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
tyrosine 1 gm | 50 | 31 | 38 | 38 | 13 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
tyrosine 2 gm | 44 | 33 | 28 | 22 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
tyrosine 4 gm | 55 | 50 | 50 | 41 | 27 | 9 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
tyrosine 8 gm | 79 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 36 | 14 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - |
This is the 150th update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 26.4 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 68 days. Here I retest cinnamon and tyrosine. Again tyrosine was toxic, and I probably wouldn't have bothered with it, if I had known the results of the past several experiments, before starting this one. Cinnamon may have been beneficial, but only at a low dosage. Run #159 is testing even lower dosages of cinnamon.
The lack of advantage for citric 1/2 tsp dosage over 1/8 tsp was a surprise. Is there a temperature dependance on citric acid effects?
Run
#150
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | |||||||||||
5 | 10 | 22 | 31 | 37 | 43 | 48 | 53 | 58 | 63 | 69 | 74 | |
citric 1/8 tsp | 100 | 100 | 97 | 73 | 64 | 55 | 42 | 27 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 0 |
+ tyrosine 1 gm | 70 | 67 | 53 | 37 | 27 | 13 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
citric ½ + glucose 1 tsp | 97 | 97 | 78 | 63 | 47 | 25 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
+ cinnamon 1/4 tsp | 100 | 100 | 94 | 84 | 74 | 60 | 38 | 26 | 10 | 2 | 0 | - |
+ cinnamon 1 tsp | 63 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
+ cinnamon extract 4.5% | 100 | 100 | 74 | 62 | 52 | 38 | 24 | 14 | 5 | 0 | - | - |
+ cinnamon extract 9% | 100 | 95 | 60 | 55 | 38 | 17 | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - |
+ cinnamon extract 18% | 86 | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
+ tyrosine 1 gm | 44 | 39 | 39 | 26 | 18 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
glucose 4 tsp | 100 | 100 | 86 | 67 | 64 | 42 | 19 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 0 | - |
+ tyrosine 1 gm | 52 | 48 | 33 | 26 | 19 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
sucrose 4 tsp | 97 | 93 | 72 | 59 | 48 | 28 | 14 | 7 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
This is the 151st update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 26.8 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity (EML) using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 63 days. Unfortunately the batch of fly food used, was somewhat old in this experiment. This was almost certainly the reason why mold grew in several of the bottles, which likely limited their maximum survival. It is curious that maximum survival in control two was 10% above EML. Huperzine will be retested at lower, and hopefully non-toxic levels. The best survival at day 48 was with inositol, which will be retested as well.
Run
#151
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||
17 | 26 | 32 | 38 | 43 | 48 | 53 | 58 | 64 | 69 | 74 | |
control one | 100 | 100 | 100 | 93 | 82 | 61 | 29 | 11 | 7 | 0 | - |
control two | 97 | 91 | 91 | 82 | 74 | 62 | 53 | 32 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
glucose 2 tsp | 90 | 83 | 79 | 72 | 66 | 41 | 38 | 17 | 3 | 0 | - |
bladderwrack 500 mg | 100 | 97 | 94 | 81 | 81 | 68 | 42 | 29 | 10 | 0 | (mold) |
bladderwrack 2000 mg | 93 | 93 | 93 | 86 | 83 | 52 | 35 | 10 | 0 | - | - |
huperzine 2 mg | 90 | 81 | 81 | 77 | 68 | 55 | 32 | 29 | 13 | 7 | 0 |
huperzine 8 mg | 92 | 68 | 52 | 32 | 20 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
inositol 2 tsp | 96 | 92 | 92 | 88 | 88 | 80 | 44 | 36 | 20 | 0 | {mold) |
lactose ½ tsp | 100 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 77 | 63 | 50 | 30 | 7 | 0 | - |
lactose 2 tsp | 96 | 88 | 84 | 80 | 80 | 52 | 28 | 12 | 0 | - | (mold) |
Na citrate ½ tsp | 96 | 78 | 48 | 35 | 35 | 17 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - |
Na citrate 2 tsp | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
This is the 152nd update of my fly longevity experiments. Average temperature was 26.8 C during this run. Estimated maximal longevity (EML) using the formula (363 - T*11.2) is 63 days.
Here I have a ube showdown. Back in run #138, raw purple sweet potato (ube) appeared to be beneficial. However ube was a dud in run #148 in powder form, and in run #149 in frozen form. The processing of later two forms would have involved cooking, which might be the critical difference. Here I check ube that is raw, as well as boiled whole. I also test the effect of cutting the ube into small pieces, so that boiling can then leach much of the purple color. Finally a hot water extract of ube is also tested.
By a fluke of luck the control one bottle's maximum survival exceeded EML by 17%. As expected, boiling the ube rendered it mildly toxic. Whatever was responsible for this toxicity, it was poorly water soluble, since most of the hot water extracts slightly increased survival at 52 days. In published experiments the heating of fats has increased their toxicity to flies. This might account for the current results.
Raw ube proved to beneficial again. My primary suspects for ube's main prolongevity ingredients are elements of the anthocyanidin-based purple colouring.
Run
#152
supplement |
Percent Survival on Day | ||||||||||||
11 | 20 | 26 | 32 | 37 | 42 | 47 | 52 | 58 | 63 | 68 | 74 | 79 | |
control one | 93 | 90 | 90 | 79 | 68 | 57 | 39 | 18 | 14 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 |
control two | 97 | 89 | 89 | 83 | 69 | 49 | 34 | 20 | 14 | 0 | - | - | - |
ube, leached 20% | 100 | 51 | 51 | 31 | 26 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
ube, leached 20% | 97 | 79 | 73 | 52 | 36 | 15 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
ube, boiled 20% | 92 | 77 | 59 | 28 | 8 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
ube, boiled 20% | 100 | 93 | 89 | 63 | 44 | 33 | 7 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
ube, extract 20% | 97 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 90 | 73 | 53 | 27 | 7 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
ube, extract 20% | 92 | 89 | 89 | 85 | 81 | 62 | 42 | 15 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
ube, extract 50% | 100 | 96 | 92 | 84 | 64 | 60 | 40 | 24 | 8 | 0 | - | - | - |
ube, extract 50% | 100 | 91 | 91 | 83 | 74 | 57 | 39 | 26 | 9 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
ube, raw 20% | 100 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 69 | 63 | 44 | 38 | 13 | 0 | - | - | - |
ube, raw 20% | 97 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 79 | 61 | 54 | 50 | 18 | 4 | 0 | - | - |
Welcome New Readers
In July 2004 it was decided to restrict discussion on the Cryonics Institute's members only email list strictly to cryonics matters only. Some debate followed as to which life extension Yahoo email group be adopted as being the forum for CI members to use, and it was eventually decided to recommend unofficially that people be directed to the Longevity Report Yahoo group. As a result its readership increased and the group acquired more people who are well educated and expert in these matters. A knock on effect resulted in several people from Alcor joining the list as well, followed by a number of life extension people with no affiliation to cryonics. The group can be joined off Longevity Report's web site, http://www.longevity-report.com
There will be much useful information in articles on this group which will not appear in the printed newsletter, for example a recent debate on Resveratrol and discussion as to the most beneficial formulation thereof, or debate on the Horizon anti-vitamin programme..
Those few people reading this in printed format are urged to get onto the Internet one way or another. It is possible, if you don't want to buy your own computer, or get a dedicated Internet appliance (available from £30 for Amstrad's Emailer Plus), to go to a cybercafé or public library. You can still join the Yahoo email group, and have you own Yahoo email which you can view off the web at any terminal anywhere in the world. Ask for assistance at the library or cybercafé, or go in with a computer literate friend.Here are some examples from the Yahoo Group Longevity-Report
Hello Horizon watchers.
In general, not that bad a programme, although it was rather focussed on the downside of vitamins to the exclusion of any upside (e.g. higher intake of folic acid was dismissed by one expert, without any follow-up, as a waste, ignoring the role of folic acid in preventing colon cancer[*] or Alzheimer's). At least the downside was based on scientific evidence, which makes a pleasant change from usual parade of doctors bad- mouthing vitamins without having *any* supporting evidence.
Now for some specifics (I'll dig out the references if anyone's interested in looking further into this):
1) Beta-carotene and lung cancer. There are two studies which are widely presented as showing a link between lung cancer and smoking. As recall, there is some data that was not presented in the programme:
a) although the over-all lung cancer rate amongst smokers was higher in the beta carotene takers than in the other smokers (the controls), the rate amongst the controls was rising faster at the end of the one study that presented the more detailed breakdown; had the study continued, instead of being prematurely terminated, a different overall result may have emerged. (The same time-skewed effect was noted in the folic acid and colon cancer nurses study: initially there was a (non-significant) rise in the colon cancer rate amongst the higher folate groups. Later (after 10 years of folate supplementation) the cancer rate had dropped dramatically in favour of the folate supplementers; by 15 years being at nearly 1/5 of the rate amongst the controls. See [*] for details)
b) those smokers who also took vitamin E (in addition to beta-carotene) did not have a higher rate of lung cancer
c) non-smokers were not affected (although possibly because the lung cancer rate was too low to be significant).
2) Vitamin A causing osteoporosis:
The truth but, again, not the whole truth. The study was conducted in Sweden, and what's interesting is that Sweden, being a Nordic country, receives a low level of sunlight. It is quite possible that there is widespread sub-clinical vitamin D deficiency in Sweden and it was this deficiency, *in combination* with the high vitamin A levels, that caused the osteoporosis. A number of studies are now showing that higher cancer rates in general are associated with low levels of vitamin D / low levels of sunlight exposure in northern latitudes (in both Scandinavia and N. America); vitamin D is normally produced by the action on sunlight on our skin; clearly there is some sort of widespread vitamin D deficiency at northern latitudes, even if it isn't presenting itself as rickets in children, but only as mild osteoporosis in adults. Only a circumstantial argument, but nevertheless it fits with other data that indicates that vitamin D protects against osteoporosis (and many forms of cancer).
[*] Details of the folic acid and colon cancer study: Multivitamin use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses' Health Study. Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Fuchs C, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Willett WC in Ann Intern Med 1998 Oct 1;129(7):517-24 PMID: 9758570 Long-term use (>15 years) of folate-containing multivitamin supplements produced an almost 5-fold reduction in the incidence of colon cancer. Other cancers not analysed. The protective effect (relative to age-matched controls) increased with the duration of supplementation. The relative risk of colon cancer over the period 1980-1994 (against folate intake in 1980, without adjusting for other vitamins) was: 1.0 (<= 200 g/d), 0.92 (201-300 g/d), 0.79 (301-400 g/d) & 0.69 (>400 g/d). This risk declined with time: comparing the >400 with the <=200 folate g/d group the risk declined from 0.85 (1980-mid1988) to 0.56 (mid1988-1994). Amongst multivitamin users (pooling all folate categories) the risk declined with duration of use: 1.02 (4 years use), 0.83 (5-9yrs), 0.80 (10-14 yrs) & 0.25 (15+ yrs). Women who had 15+ years of multivitamin use and >300 g/d energy-adjusted folate (in 1980) had a RR of only 0.22[CI: 0.05-0.88] compared with users with <15 years multivitamin use and 201-300 g/d (>RDA) of energy-adjusted folate. FDA regulations forbad the use of 400g of folate in multivitamin supplements prior to 1973, which limited the ability for a longer term follow-up. The study abstract concludes: "Long-term use of multivitamins may substantially reduce risk for colon cancer. This effect may be related to the folic acid contained in multivitamins."
Cheers, Michael C Price
http://mcp.longevity-report.com
http://www.hedweb.com/manworld.htm
From: "John de Rivaz" <John@deRivaz.com>
I have actually altered the order of the links in the copy below because I wanted to comment on the Resveratrol articles.
I looked up the Life Extension Foundation's (LEF) version of Resveratrol, and observed that there are differences between it and the Longevinex product recommended here. (click on LEF link and put resveratrol in the search box, and get 199 links, the first few being to their product.)
It would be interesting if the LEF product could be tested by Dr Sinclair's laboratory. On the face of it, it appears very much the better product if its capsules are also air tight. I wouldn't be surprised if all LEF's encapsulated products are in air tight capsules and this could be so much a matter of course to them that they don't feel it worth mentioning.
The relevant part of the Longevinex web article is:
At this point I was disappointed, but challenged. The public needs resveratrol. The next step was to find a technology that could preserve resveratrol like a bottle of wine does. That technology was provided by Capsugel®, a division of Pfizer, which produces air-tight capsules for liquid dietary supplements called Licaps®. The rest is history. The world's first stabilized resveratrol dietary supplement is soon to hit the marketplace. It is a combination pill featuring resveratrol with quercetin and a natural preservative found in rice bran (patent pending). To find out more about this breakthrough, go to www.longevinex.com.
LEF | Longevinex | |
No of capsules/pack | 60 | 30 |
mg Resveratrol/capsule | 20 | 15 |
mg grape extract/capsule | 200 | 100 |
mg Quercetin/capsule | 120 | 75 |
mg rice bran/capsule | quantity not stated | 25 |
mg Emodin Complex per capsule |
2 | not present |
mg Lecithin/capsule | none | 100 |
Air tight capsule? | not stated | YES |
price $ | 22.13 ( per bottle, members, 4 bottles) |
30 ( per pack, 3 packs) |
price per mg of resveratrol |
1.8 cents | 6.7 cents |
Sincerely, John de Rivaz:
http://John.deRivaz.com for websites
----- Original Message -----
From: "emersonnyu" <emersonnyu@yahoo.com>
Here are a few articles that may be of interest to members of this group:
According to a Cornell University study, you should drink Pinot Noir for best resveratrol content:
http://www.drfrankwines.com/reference/USNews-redwine.html
Report on development of biologically stable and active resveratrol supplement:
http://www.askbillsardi.com/sdm.asp?pg=resv
http://www.longevinex.com/sdm.asp
Role of mitochondria DNA mutations in aging and Bruce Ames' suppliment formula (Juvenon) for retarding the deterioration:
http://www.juvenon.com/journal/vol3no07.htm
Early results from evaluation of humans on Calore Restricted High Nutrition diet:
http://www.juvenon.com/journal/vol3no05.htm